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Ukuzimela Emnothweni Womuntu Ngamunye

Ibhalwe ngu Mohsen in General, Ibhizinisi Lokuthengisa Ku-inthanethi, Ukuthuthukisa Ibhizinisi Eliku-inthanethi, Ibhizinisi le-Travel Club on February 24, 2024

Ukuzimela Emnothweni Womuntu Ngamunye

Kusimo sezwe sanamuhla esihlala sishintsha, ukukhuphuka kwe-Artificial Intelligence (AI) kuguqule ngokungangabazeki isisekelo somphakathi. Ngekhono elimangalisayo le-AI lokwenza imisebenzi ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi ikhiqize izixazululo, kunomqondo okhona wokuthi yonke into isivele idaliwe. Nokho, lo mzwelo ushaya indiva isici esibalulekile: inkathi ye-AI iveza ithuba elikahle hhayi elokudala, kodwa elokusebenzisa izinsiza nemibono ekhona. Yisikhathi lapho abantu kufanele bacabangele ukuqhela kumamodeli omsebenzi wendabuko futhi esikhundleni salokho zamukele ukuzimela kwezamabhizinisi. Kule ndatshana, sizojula kulolu shintsho lwepharadigm, sihlole ukuthi kungani manje sekuyisikhathi sokuhlela izindlela zethu futhi sijoyine amabhizinisi akhona aphumelelayo.

Okokuqala nokubalulekile, ukwanda kwe-AI kwenze intando yeningi ukufinyelela olwazini nasezinsizeni, kwalungisa inkundla yosomabhizinisi abasafufusa. Sezadlula izinsuku lapho ukuqala ibhizinisi kwakudinga imali eningi nolwazi olukhethekile. Namuhla, ngobuningi bezinsiza eziku-inthanethi namathuluzi aqhutshwa yi-AI esinawo, abantu ngabanye banamathuba angakaze abonwe okudweba izindawo zabo emakethe. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusiza ukuhlaziya okunamandla e-AI ukuze kuhlonzwe izingxenye zemakethe ezingakasetshenziswa noma kusetshenziswa izinkundla eziku-inthanethi zokumaketha nokusabalalisa, izithiyo zokungena zehle kakhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo sokuqashwa kwabantu esivamile sibhekene noshintsho olushintshashintshayo, oluqhutshwa ngokwengxenye imashi engapheli yokuzenzakalela kanye nokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke. Njengoba i-AI iqhubeka nokwenza imisebenzi evamile kanye nemisebenzi engatholakali kalula, uhlobo lomsebenzi ngokwawo luyavela. Izinsuku zokuthembela kumqashi oyedwa ngokuzinza nokuvikeleka ziya ngokuya zincipha, okushiya uketshezi oluthe xaxa futhi I-Dynamic Gig Economy. Kulo mbono omusha, abantu baya ngokuya beqaphela izinzuzo zokuzimela kwezamabhizinisi—inkululeko yokukhetha amaphrojekthi abo, ukuguquguquka ekulawuleni amashejuli abo, kanye nethuba lemivuzo emikhulu yezezimali.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhambo lwezamabhizinisi lunikeza ithuba eliyingqayizivele lokukhula komuntu siqu nokwaneliseka. Ngokungafani nokuqashwa okuvamile, lapho abantu bevamise ukuboshezelwa ezindimeni ezichazwe ngaphambili kanye nezibopho, ukuhweba kuwuhambo lokuzitholela lona kanye nokuzihlola. Kudinga ukuqina lapho ubhekene nobunzima, ubuhlakani ekuxazululeni izinkinga, nokuzimisela ukwamukela ukwehluleka njengesitebhisi sempumelelo. Ngokuthatha ubunikazi bekusasa labo futhi bahlele izindlela zabo, osomabhizinisi abagcini ngokuvula amakhono abo aphelele kodwa futhi bashiya umthelela ohlala njalo emhlabeni obazungezile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukujoyina ibhizinisi eliphumelelayo elikhona inganikeza isinqamuleli sempumelelo yezamabhizinisi. Kunokuba baqale phansi, abantu bangasebenzisa ingqalasizinda, izinsiza, kanye nobuchwepheshe bamabhizinisi asunguliwe ukuze asheshise ukukhula kwawo. Noma ngabe ngamathuba e-franchise, izinhlelo zokumaketha ezihambisanayo, noma ubudlelwano bamasu, kunezindlela eziningi zokungena kuma-ecosystem akhona webhizinisi futhi usebenzise umfutho wawo. Ngokuvumelanisa nemikhiqizo ephumelelayo kanye namamodeli ebhizinisi afakazelwe, abantu banganciphisa ubungozi futhi bakhulise amathuba abo empumelelo endaweni yemakethe enokuncintisana ngokwandayo.

Sengiphetha, inkathi ye-AI iveza ithuba eliyingqayizivele lokuthi abantu ngabanye bagqashule emaketangeni omsebenzi wendabuko futhi bamukele ukuzimela kwezamabhizinisi. Ngokusebenzisa amathuluzi nezinsiza eziqhutshwa yi-AI, ukuzulazula endaweni eguqukayo yomsebenzi, nokwamukela amathuba okukhula komuntu siqu atholakala kwezamabhizinisi, abantu bangadweba izindlela zabo zempumelelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokujoyina amabhizinisi akhona aphumelelayo, bangasheshisa uhambo lwabo futhi bangene kuma-ecosystem akhona wokusungula nethuba. Njengoba simi emngceleni wale nkathi entsha, masibambe lesi sikhathi futhi siqale uhambo lokuhlola, lokusungula izinto ezintsha, kanye nokunika amandla.

Dynamic Gig Economy Incazelo

Igama elithi "dynamic gig economy" libhekisela ohlelweni lwezomnotho olubonakala ngezinga eliphezulu lokuguquguquka nokuguquguquka kwezinhlelo zokuqashwa. Emnothweni oguquguqukayo we-gig, abantu bavame ukusebenza ngokwesikhashana, ngokuzimela, noma ngokususelwa kumaphrojekthi, kunokuba baboshelwe ezinkontilekeni zokuqashwa zesikhathi esigcwele. Lolu hlelo luvumela abasebenzi, abavame ukubizwa ngokuthi "abasebenzi be-gig" noma "osonkontileka abazimele," ukuthi bathathe ama-gig noma amaphrojekthi amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa, okubanika ukulawula okukhulu kumashejuli abo kanye nomsebenzi wabo.

Izici ezibalulekile zomnotho we-gig ashukumisayo zifaka:

- Ukuvumelana nezimo: Abasebenzi be-Gig banenkululeko yokuzikhethela ukuthi basebenza nini, kuphi, futhi kangakanani. Bangakhetha futhi bakhethe ezinhlobonhlobo zamagigi noma amaphrojekthi asuselwa kokuncamelayo nokutholakala kwabo.

- Izinhlobonhlobo Zomsebenzi: Abasebenzi be-Gig bangase bahlanganyele emisebenzini ehlukahlukene namaphrojekthi kuzo zonke izimboni nemikhakha ehlukene. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zinganikeza amathuba okuthuthukiswa kwamakhono nokuhlola umsebenzi.

- Ukusebenzelana Kwesikhashana: Abasebenzi be-Gig ngokuvamile basebenza isikhathi esifushane, ngokuvamile beqedela imisebenzi ethile noma amaphrojekthi isikhathi esilinganiselwe. Lolu hlobo lomsebenzi lwesikhashana luvumela inzuzo esheshayo kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimfuneko ezishintshayo zemakethe.

- Ukuqashwa Okusekelwe Kwipulatifomu: Iningi labasebenzi be-gig bathola amathuba emisebenzi ngezinkundla eziku-inthanethi noma izimakethe ezidijithali ezibaxhumanisa namakhasimende noma amakhasimende afuna izinsiza zawo. Lezi zinkundla zisebenza njengabalamuli, zisiza ukuthengiselana futhi zinikeze isizinda esimaphakathi semisebenzi yomnotho we-gig.

- Isimo Sosonkontileka Ozimele: Abasebenzi be-Gig bavame ukuhlukaniswa njengosonkontileka abazimele kunokuba abasebenzi bezinkampani noma abantu ababasebenzelayo. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kusho ukuthi banesibopho sokuphatha izintela zabo, umshwalense, nezinye izici zomsebenzi wabo.

- Ukwehluka Kwemali Engenayo: Imali etholwayo emnothweni we-gig eguqukayo ingashintshashintsha ngokuya ngezinto ezifana nesidingo sezinsizakalo, ukuncintisana, kanye nokukhiqiza komuntu ngamunye. Lokhu kuhlukahluka kungaveza amathuba kanye nezinselelo kubasebenzi be-gig ekuphatheni izimali zabo.

Sekukonke, umnotho we-gig oguquguqukayo umele ukusuka kumamodeli okuqashwa ajwayelekile, okunikeza abantu ukuzimela okukhulu nokuvumelana nezimo endleleni abaziphilisa ngayo. Yize yethula amathuba okuhweba kanye nebhalansi yempilo yomsebenzi, iphinda iphakamise imibuzo mayelana namalungelo abasebenzi, amanethi okuphepha komphakathi, kanye nekusasa lomsebenzi emhlabeni okhula ngokwedijithali.

Iyini imbangela eyinhloko yokubonakaliswa kwe-Dynamic Gig Economy?

Umnotho we-gig oguqukayo ubonakale ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yezinto ezimbalwa ezixhumene:

- Intuthuko Yezobuchwepheshe: Ukuthuthuka okusheshayo kwezobuchwepheshe, ikakhulukazi izinkundla zedijithali kanye nezokuxhumana, kubambe iqhaza elibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni komnotho we-gig. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe kusize ukwakhiwa kwezimakethe eziku-inthanethi nezinkundla ezixhumanisa abantu abafuna umsebenzi wesikhashana noma amasevisi nalabo abawanikezayo. Amapulatifomu anjalo ahlinzeka ngendlela elula nephumelelayo yokuthi abasebenzi be-gig bathole ama-gigs nokuthi amabhizinisi afinyelele kubasebenzi abavumelana nezimo.

- Ukushintsha Okuncanyelwayo Komsebenzi: Kube noshintsho oluphawulekayo ekukhethweni komsebenzi phakathi kwabantu, ikakhulukazi izizukulwane ezincane, ezikwazisa ukuguquguquka, ukuzimela, kanye nebhalansi yokuphila komsebenzi. Abantu abaningi bakhangwa umnotho we-gig ngoba unikeza inkululeko yokuzikhethela ukuthi bazosebenza nini futhi kuphi, okubavumela ukuthi baphishekele ezinye izintshisekelo, njengokuhamba, imfundo, noma amaphrojekthi aseceleni, kanye nomsebenzi wabo.

- Izinguquko Kumandla Emakethe Yezabasebenzi: Amamodeli okuqashwa kwendabuko aseyancipha ngenxa yezinto ezifana nokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke, ukuzenzela, kanye nokungaqiniseki kwezomnotho. Ngenxa yalokhu, abantu baya ngokuya bephendukela emisebenzini ye-gig njengendlela yokwengeza iholo labo noma ukushintsha phakathi kwemisebenzi. Ukwengeza, amabhizinisi asiza abasebenzi be-gig ukuthi bafinyelele amakhono akhethekile lapho kudingeka futhi bazivumelanise nezimfuno zemakethe eziguqukayo ngempumelelo.

- Izingcindezi Zomnotho: Izingcindezi zomnotho, njengokukhuphuka kwezindleko zokuphila, amaholo amile, nokungavikeleki kwemisebenzi, nakho kube nomthelela ekukhuleni komnotho we-gig. Kubantu abaningi, umsebenzi we-gig unikeza indlela yokuthola imali eyengeziwe noma ukuziphilisa endaweni yezomnotho ekhulayo neyinselele.

- Amathuba Osomabhizinisi: Umnotho we-gig udale amathuba amasha osomabhizinisi ukuze abantu benze imali ngamakhono abo, amathalente kanye nezinsiza zabo ngokuzimela. Abasebenzi abaningi be-gig bazibheka njengosomabhizinisi, banikela ngezinsizakalo zabo njengama-freelancers, abeluleki, noma osonkontileka kumakhasimende amaningi noma amabhizinisi. Lo mcabango wezamabhizinisi ugqugquzelwa futhi ukutholakala kwamathuluzi nezinsiza eziku-inthanethi zokuqalisa nokuphatha ibhizinisi.

Sekukonke, ukuhlangana kwalezi zici kuholele ekubonakaleni komnotho oguquguqukayo we-gig, ukulungisa kabusha indlela abantu abasebenza ngayo, amabhizinisi asebenza ngayo, kanye nemisebenzi yemakethe yezemisebenzi enkathini yedijithali.

Ubonakale nini umnotho wegigi oguquguqukayo? kudala kangakanani?

Ukubonakaliswa komnotho oguquguqukayo wegig kwaqala ukuzuza umfutho obalulekile ekuqaleni kwawo-2000s, ngokwanda kwamapulatifomu edijithali kanye nentuthuko kubuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana. Kodwa-ke, izimpande zomsebenzi we-gig kanye ne-freelancing zingalandelelwa emuva kakhulu, nabantu abenza umsebenzi wesikhashana noma osekelwe kumaphrojekthi kuwo wonke umlando.

Ukukhuphuka kwezinkundla eziku-inthanethi ezifana ne-Upwork (eyayiyi-Elance ne-oDesk), i-TaskRabbit, i-Uber, ne-Airbnb ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-2000s kanye nasekuqaleni konyaka wezi-2010 kwadlala indima ebalulekile ekusheshiseni ukukhula komnotho we-gig. Lezi zinkundla zinikeze abantu ukufinyelela okulula ezinhlobonhlobo zamathuba e-gig, kusukela ekubhaleni uzimele kanye nemidwebo eyingcaca kuya kumasevisi okwabelana ngamahhashi kanye nokwabelana ngekhaya.

Maphakathi nawo-2010, umnotho we-gig wawusuphenduke isici esivelele emakethe yezemisebenzi yesimanje, nezigidi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele zibambe iqhaza njengabasebenzi be-gig noma besebenzisa izinsiza zegig. Ukuvumelana nezimo, ukuzimela, namandla okuthola imali anikezwa umsebenzi we-gig kukhange abantu abahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa abafundi, asebethathe umhlalaphansi, ochwepheshe kanye nalabo abafuna imali eyengeziwe noma ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza.

Kusukela lapho, umnotho we-gig uqhubekile nokuvela futhi wanda, uqhutshwa yintuthuko eqhubekayo yezobuchwepheshe, ukushintsha okuthandwayo komsebenzi, kanye nokushintshashintsha kwemakethe yezabasebenzi. Namuhla, umnotho we-gig uhlanganisa inqwaba yezimboni nemisebenzi, ethonya indlela amabhizinisi asebenza ngayo, ukuthi abantu basebenza kanjani, nokuthi umsebenzi uhlelwa kanjani enkathini yedijithali.

Isikhathi soMnotho wolwazi sesidlulile. iqiniso noma amanga?

Amanga. Isikhathi Somnotho Wolwazi asikadluli; isalokhu iyisici esivelele nesinomthelela kwezomnotho zanamuhla. Umnotho Wolwazi, owaziwa nangokuthi umnotho wolwazi, uyaqhubeka nokubumba nokuba nomthelela emikhakheni nezimboni ezahlukene emhlabeni jikelele. Kubonakala ngokukhiqizwa, ukusatshalaliswa, kanye nokusetshenziswa kolwazi, ulwazi, kanye nempahla yengqondo.

Eqinisweni, Umnotho Wolwazi usubaluleke nakakhulu ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezifana nezokuxhumana, ukuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe, ukuhlaziya idatha, nezinkundla zedijithali. Izimboni ezifana namasevisi e-IT, ezokuxhumana, ezohwebo nge-inthanethi, kanye nemidiya yedijithali ziyathuthuka ngaphakathi kohlaka Lomnotho Wolwazi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvela kobuchwepheshe obusha obufana nobuhlakani bokwenziwa, ukufunda ngomshini, kanye ne-blockchain kuqhubekisele phambili Umnotho Wolwazi ngokunika amandla ukudalwa, ukuhlaziya, kanye nokusabalalisa inani elikhulu ledatha nolwazi. Le ntuthuko iyaqhubeka nokugqugquzela ukusungula izinto ezintsha, ukukhula komnotho, kanye noguquko emphakathini eNkathini Yolwazi.

Ngakho-ke, akulungile ukugomela ngokuthi inkathi Yomnotho Wolwazi isidlulile. Esikhundleni salokho, isalokhu iyisici esibalulekile somnotho wamanje, ibumba indlela amabhizinisi asebenza ngayo, abantu ngabanye basebenzisane, futhi imiphakathi ithuthuka emhlabeni oxhumene kakhulu nowedijithali.

Yiziphi ezinye izinhlobo zomnotho esike sabhekana nazo ngaphambi komnotho oguquguqukayo wegigi?

Ngaphambi kokukhuphuka komnotho we-gig oguquguqukayo, ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlelo zezomnotho bezikhona kuwo wonke umlando, ngayinye inezici zayo nezindlela zokusebenza. Ezinye izinhlelo zezomnotho eziphawulekayo ezandulela umnotho we-gig ashukumisayo zihlanganisa:

Umnotho Wendabuko: Emnothweni wendabuko, imisebenzi yezomnotho igxile kumasiko, amasiko, nezinhlelo zokuhwebelana. Izindlela zokukhiqiza zivame ukuba yinsakavukela, futhi izinsiza zabiwa ngokusekelwe ezinkambisweni zenhlalo yomphakathi namasiko kunokuba amandla emakethe. Umnotho wendabuko uvame ukutholakala emiphakathini yasemaphandleni noma yendabuko futhi ibeka phambili ukuphila kokuziphilisa.

I-Command Economy: Emnothweni womyalo, owaziwa nangokuthi umnotho ohleliwe, uhulumeni noma isiphathimandla esimaphakathi silawula izindlela zokukhiqiza, zokusabalalisa, nokwabiwa kwezinsiza. Amanani, amaholo, namazinga okukhiqiza asethwa abahleli abamaphakathi kunokunqunywa amandla emakethe. Lolu hlelo lwaluvame ukuhlotshaniswa nombuso wezenhlalakahle nowobukhomanisi.

Umnotho Wemakethe: Umnotho wemakethe, owaziwa nangokuthi umnotho wemakethe yamahhala noma i-capitalism, ubonakala ngokuthathwa kwezinqumo okuhlukaniselwe izindawo kanye nobunikazi obuyimfihlo bezindlela zokukhiqiza. Amanani, amaholo, namazinga okukhiqiza anqunywa ukunikezwa nesidingo ezimakethe ezincintisanayo. Abantu namabhizinisi bakhululekile ukuphishekela izithakazelo zabo zezomnotho, okuholela ekusungulweni okusha, ukuncintisana, kanye nokukhula komnotho.

Umnotho Oxubile: Umnotho oxubile uhlanganisa izici zakho kokubili umnotho wemakethe kanye nomyalo. Emnothweni oxubile, uhulumeni uyangenelela emikhakheni ethile ukuze alawule izimakethe, ahlinzeke ngezimpahla zomphakathi kanye nezinsizakalo, futhi axazulule ukwehluleka kwezimakethe. Nokho, imisebenzi eminingi yezomnotho ishiyelwa ezinkampanini ezizimele futhi isebenza ngokwemigomo yemakethe. Iminotho eminingi yanamuhla, kuhlanganise neyamazwe amaningi aseNtshonalanga, inomnotho oxubile.

Umnotho Wezimboni: Umnotho wezimboni wavela lapho kuqala iNguquko Yezimboni ngekhulu le-18 nele-19. Ibonakala ngokukhiqiza ngobuningi, ukwenziwa kwemishini, nokukhula kwezimboni nezikhungo zasemadolobheni. Umnotho wezimboni uthembele kakhulu emisebenzini esekelwe ekukhiqizeni nasekukhiqizeni futhi ngokuvamile uhlotshaniswa nokukhula kwamadolobha okuphawulekayo kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe.

Umnotho Wolwazi: Umnotho wolwazi, owaziwa nangokuthi umnotho wolwazi, usekelwe ekukhiqizeni nasekusabalaliseni ulwazi, ulwazi, kanye nempahla yengqondo. Ihlanganisa izimboni ezifana nezokuxhumana, ukuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe, imfundo, kanye nocwaningo kanye nentuthuko. Umnotho wolwazi uqhutshwa ubuchwepheshe kanye nokuqanjwa kabusha futhi uthembele kakhulu kubasebenzi namalungelo empahla yengqondo.

Lezi izibonelo ezimbalwa nje zezinhlelo zezomnotho eziye zaba khona kuwo wonke umlando. Umnotho we-gig oguquguqukayo umele inguquko yakamuva enhlanganweni yezomnotho, ebonakala ngokwanda kwezinhlelo zokuqashwa zesikhashana, eziguquguqukayo eziqhutshwa izinkundla zedijithali nobuchwepheshe.

Amazwana zivaliwe.

iphutha: Okuqukethwe evikelwe !!